Intramuscular Lignocaine 2% and io%o

dumping (Walker et al., 1962; Howe, 1964; Silver et al., 1965; Zeitlin and Smith, 1966). In two patients raised free plasma kinins were not found during a dumping attack. This is probably due to loss of activity during collection of samples owing to the extremely short half-life of bradykinin in vivo (15 seconds). Our results support the findings of Zeitlin and Smith (1966) and provide further evidence for involvement of kinins during vasomotor dumping in man. The present work shows that there is no significant difference in the fasting venous kininogen after gastric surgery in patients with dumping symptoms and those without. Furthermore, postcibal kinin liberation does not occur in patients who had previously had gastric surgery but who do not experience vasomotor dumping attacks. One possible mechanism for release of kinins during dumping is based on the findings of Amundsen and Nustad (1965), who showed the presence of kinin forming activity in cell homogenates of the alimentary tract of the rabbit. Subsequently, the relative concentrations of kallikrein at different levels of the gastrointestinal tract of the rat were determined by Zeitlin (1969), who found the intestinal kallikrein activity to be especially high in the duodenum and ileum.